Technical Articles

Practical articles, in-depth tutorials, and architectural insights on software engineering, AI, and systems.

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How to test a potentiometer with a multimeter on board

Learn the practical step-by-step guide to test analog potentiometers directly on the circuit board using a digital multimeter, identifying wear and discontinuities.

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Hardware•4 min

PC randomly restarts? How to test the 12V power rail

Does your computer shut down or reboot out of nowhere? Learn the step-by-step multimeter guide to diagnose voltage drops on the 12V rail under load.

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Eletrônica•4 min

How to test motherboard PWM IC on the workbench

Learn practical diagnostic steps for motherboard PWM controller chips using a multimeter and oscilloscope to find voltage regulation failures in processor phases.

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RedesHardware•4 min

No internet? How to test onboard network card using ping command

Learn how to step-by-step diagnose physical connectivity and driver failures in integrated network controllers using the ping command.

EletrônicaHardware•4 min

How to test an open thermal fuse with a multimeter on bench

Practical bench guide to identify open circuits and failures in thermal protection components using a digital multimeter safely.

EletrônicaHardware•4 min

How to test SATA power connector with a multimeter

Learn the step-by-step procedure to check 3.3V, 5V, and 12V lines on SATA power connectors in server power supplies and motherboards.

EletrônicaHardware•5 min

How to test the AMS1117 regulator with a multimeter on bench

A practical bench guide to identify voltage drops, short circuits, and failures in the common AMS1117 linear regulator on development boards.

EletrônicaHardware•4 min

How to test 18650 lithium battery with a multimeter

Learn the complete step-by-step procedure to measure rest voltage, evaluate charge state, and detect damaged 18650 lithium cells in DIY projects and homelabs.

HardwareEletrônica•5 min

Graphics card no display? How to test GPU power phases

Learn the step-by-step bench procedure to measure short circuits on VCore and memory power rails of graphics cards using a digital multimeter.

EletrônicaHardware•4 min

How to test motherboard VRM with a multimeter on the bench

Learn the step-by-step bench guide to test the VRM voltage regulator, find dead power phases, and identify shorted MOSFETs on desktop motherboards.

EletrônicaHardware•4 min

How to measure PC power supply consumption with a plug meter

Learn how to use a wall wattmeter on your workbench to monitor real power usage, spot current spikes, and audit ATX power supplies.

Hardware•5 min

How to test faulty RAM memory using MemTest86

Learn the practical step-by-step approach to diagnose parity errors, intermittent bus failures, and damaged RAM memory modules directly on the workbench.

EletrônicaHardware•2 min

How to test optocouplers on a board: Practical guide

Learn how to diagnose optocouplers in switching power supplies using only a multimeter. Understand galvanic isolation and semiconductor bench testing.